Analytical ChemistryHard

Question

Synthetic detergents are more effective in hard water than soaps because

Options

A.they are non-ionic
B.their Ca++ and Mg++ salts are insoluble in water
C.their Ca++ and Mg++ salts are water soluble
D.they are highly soluble in water

Solution

Structural feature of soaps and detergents are almost same except that the polar end in detergents is -OSO3-Na+ while in soaps polar end is -COO3-Na+. Detergents have an advantage over soaps that its polar end sulphate retain their efficiency in hard water, since the corresponding Ca and Mg salts are soluble. Being salts of strong acids, they yield neutral solution, in contrast, to the soaps, which being salts of weak acids yield slightly alkaline solutions.

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