Question

Sol. Key concept: Sympathetic responses prepare for activity; parasympathetic responses favour rest and digestion.

Read each option in the order given: first sympathetic, then parasympathetic. Both halves must be appropriate for the option to be selected.

(a) False: sympathetic stimulation dilates rather than constricts the pupil. Glycogen breakdown to glucose is also associated with sympathetic/adrenal responses, not the paired parasympathetic effect stated.

(b) True in the standard textbook comparison: sympathetic activity reduces copious watery salivation, while parasympathetic activity contracts the bladder detrusor muscle to assist urination.

(c) Accepted: sympathetic stimulation promotes adrenaline release from the adrenal medulla. The parasympathetic rest-and-digest state favours storage of nutrients, including glycogen formation, although the direct hormonal control of glycogenesis involves insulin.

(d) False: sympathetic stimulation normally dilates the bronchi. Parasympathetic stimulation does increase gastric activity, but one correct half does not make the whole option true. Therefore b and c.