Question

Sol.(a) [Key Concept: Mutation — Effect via Protein Structure Change] A mutation at a genetic locus changes the BASE SEQUENCE of DNA, which changes the CODON sequence of mRNA, which changes the AMINO ACID sequence of the protein — thus altering PROTEIN STRUCTURE. The changed protein may be non-functional or have altered function, leading to a change in phenotype. DNA replication mechanism, protein synthesis process, and RNA transcription mechanism are not altered by the mutation — only the sequence/product is changed.