Question

Sol.(a) [Key Concept: Hardy–Weinberg Equation — Population Genetics] (p + q)² = p² + 2pq + q² = 1 represents the Hardy-Weinberg equation used in population genetics. It is a mathematical representation of the Hardy-Weinberg principle, which states that allele frequencies in a population are stable and constant from generation to generation (the gene pool remains constant) in the absence of disturbing forces.