Introduction to 3DHardBloom L3
Question
Let $P(\alpha, \beta, \gamma)$ be the point on the line $\dfrac{x-1}{2} = \dfrac{y+1}{-3} = z$ at a distance $4\sqrt{14}$ from the point $(1, -1, 0)$ and nearer to the origin. Find the shortest distance between the lines $$\frac{x-\alpha}{1} = \frac{y-\beta}{2} = \frac{z-\gamma}{3} \quad \text{and} \quad \frac{x+5}{2} = \frac{y-10}{1} = \frac{z-3}{1}.$$
Options
A.$7\sqrt{\dfrac{5}{4}}$
B.$4\sqrt{\dfrac{7}{5}}$
C.$4\sqrt{\dfrac{5}{7}}$
D.$2\sqrt{\dfrac{7}{4}}$
Solution
**Given:** Point $P$ lies on $\dfrac{x-1}{2} = \dfrac{y+1}{-3} = z = \lambda$, so $P = (2\lambda+1,\ -3\lambda-1,\ \lambda)$.
**Finding $\lambda$:**
Distance from $(1,-1,0)$ to $P$:
$$\sqrt{(2\lambda)^2 + (-3\lambda)^2 + (\lambda)^2} = \sqrt{14\lambda^2} = |\lambda|\sqrt{14} = 4\sqrt{14}$$
$$\Rightarrow |\lambda| = 4 \Rightarrow \lambda = \pm 4$$
**Selecting the nearer point to origin:**
- $\lambda = 4$: $P = (9, -13, 4)$, $|OP|^2 = 81+169+16 = 266$
- $\lambda = -4$: $P = (-7, 11, -4)$, $|OP|^2 = 49+121+16 = 186$
Since $\lambda = -4$ gives the point nearer to the origin:
$$P = (-7,\ 11,\ -4) \Rightarrow (\alpha,\beta,\gamma) = (-7, 11, -4)$$
**Shortest distance between the two lines:**
Line $L_1$: passes through $A = (-7, 11, -4)$ with direction $\vec{d_1} = (1, 2, 3)$
Line $L_2$: passes through $B = (-5, 10, 3)$ with direction $\vec{d_2} = (2, 1, 1)$
$$\vec{AB} = B - A = (2, -1, 7)$$
$$\vec{d_1} \times \vec{d_2} = \begin{vmatrix} \hat{i} & \hat{j} & \hat{k} \\ 1 & 2 & 3 \\ 2 & 1 & 1 \end{vmatrix} = \hat{i}(2-3) - \hat{j}(1-6) + \hat{k}(1-4) = (-1, 5, -3)$$
$$|\vec{d_1} \times \vec{d_2}| = \sqrt{1 + 25 + 9} = \sqrt{35}$$
$$\vec{AB} \cdot (\vec{d_1} \times \vec{d_2}) = (2)(-1) + (-1)(5) + (7)(-3) = -2 - 5 - 21 = -28$$
$$\text{Shortest Distance} = \frac{|{-28}|}{\sqrt{35}} = \frac{28}{\sqrt{35}} = \frac{28}{\sqrt{5}\cdot\sqrt{7}} = 4\sqrt{\frac{7}{5}}$$
**Answer: (B)**
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