Age of fossils in the past was generally determined by radio-carbon method and other methods involvi

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Age of fossils in the past was generally determined by radio-carbon method and other methods involving radioactive elements founds in the rocks. More precise methods, which were used recently and led to the revision of evolutionary periods for different groups of organisms, include

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Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) measure number of charges occupying deep traps in crystal band gap. The basic principle of ESR same as those for luminescence, i.e., electron become trapped and stored as a result of ionising radiations, eg, dating of tooth enamel.

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